Exoskeletons in the world of work: relief or danger?

Lift heavy boxes without any effort? Assembling a component overhead without back pain? What sounds like the superpowers of the X-Men could soon become reality with exoskeletons in factories and on production lines. Body-worn lifting aids that support legs and pelvis or shoulders and arms are already being developed and tested. Experts from employers' liability insurance associations and accident insurance funds are investigating the impact of the new assistants on occupational safety.

Relieve muscles and skeleton

"Exoskeletons are an exciting innovation, but one that still needs development work," says Ralf Schick of the German Trade Association for Trade and Goods Logistics: "In our estimation, they come into question where other technical aids such as forklifts or cranes cannot be used. For example, employees in automobile assembly, furniture delivery or work on construction sites could benefit." Exoskeletons relieve the musculoskeletal system of their wearers by providing power assistance. Musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common causes of work disability. Exoskeletons could help mitigate these absences. They could help people work healthier for longer.

Risk of injury increases

But there are also risks that should be considered. Schick: "Exoskeletons could also be used to increase load weights, for example. That would not be in the interests of the employees. They would then continue to work at the load limit." Another danger: If users trip or fall with the exoskeleton, the risk is great that the additional mass will cause more serious injuries. Tripping, slipping and falling accidents are among the most common workplace accidents overall. Also to be considered is the danger that could come from the exoskeleton itself: When using active exoskeletons, where motors assist with power, a malfunction could result in injury.

Schick: "It is important to consider these safety aspects as early as possible in the development phase." In particular, it is important to include the needs of employees in the technical development as early as possible. This also applies to the necessary ergonomic design of an exoskeleton. Schick: "Wearing comfort plays an important role in acceptance. Even in summer heat, you still have to be able to move around well with it."

Text: DGUV