{"id":10056,"date":"2020-04-30T09:51:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T07:51:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/?p=10056"},"modified":"2023-03-14T08:58:56","modified_gmt":"2023-03-14T07:58:56","slug":"ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich","status":null,"type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/fr\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\/","title":{"rendered":"Sans danger, mais le trac\u00e9 de la couronne est visible dans les eaux us\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Apr\u00e8s un traitement complexe des \u00e9chantillons, le patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du nouveau coronavirus est recherch\u00e9. Photo : Andri Bryner, Eawag<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les premiers \u00e9chantillons d'eaux us\u00e9es de Lugano, Lausanne et Zurich ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9s. Dans le cas de Zurich et de Lugano, il s'agit \u00e9galement d'un \u00e9chantillon datant de la fin f\u00e9vrier, p\u00e9riode \u00e0 laquelle les premiers cas d'infection ont \u00e9t\u00e9 connus en Suisse. Selon leurs propres indications, les chercheurs de l'Eawag ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 d\u00e9tecter le nouveau coronavirus dans tous les \u00e9chantillons. Dans les \u00e9chantillons les plus r\u00e9cents, les concentrations sont si \u00e9lev\u00e9es que l'analyse semble relativement simple. Ce n'est pas le cas pour les \u00e9chantillons de f\u00e9vrier : \"Nous ne pouvions pas nous attendre \u00e0 ce qu'il soit possible de mesurer un signal dans les eaux us\u00e9es de Lugano, qui ne compte qu'un seul cas connu, et de Zurich, qui n'en compte que six\", explique Tamar Kohn, chercheuse en sciences de l'environnement.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Montrer l'\u00e9volution de la contamination, et non le nombre absolu de personnes infect\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n

La d\u00e9tection r\u00e9ussie de faibles concentrations de virus \u00e0 un moment pr\u00e9coce de l'\u00e9pid\u00e9mie devrait permettre de reconstruire r\u00e9trospectivement la courbe de l'augmentation du Covid-19. Mais il faudra encore des semaines avant que les plus de 300 \u00e9chantillons actuellement congel\u00e9s \u00e0 l'Eawag et \u00e0 l'EPFL soient tous analys\u00e9s. Il ne sera pas possible d'en d\u00e9duire un nombre exact de personnes infect\u00e9es. Entre autres, le nombre de virus excr\u00e9t\u00e9s par personne infect\u00e9e varie trop fortement. Ce qui est important, c'est l'\u00e9volution. A l'exemple des \u00e9chantillons de Lausanne, les scientifiques ont pu retracer grossi\u00e8rement ces derniers jours l'augmentation des virus du SRAS-CoV2 dans les eaux us\u00e9es entre mars et avril : Kohn estime que la multiplication de la concentration est actuellement de dix \u00e0 cent fois sup\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n

Objectif Syst\u00e8me d'alerte pr\u00e9coce<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des \u00e9chantillons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s dans douze stations d'\u00e9puration, dont neuf au Tessin, depuis l'annonce des premiers cas de Covid-19 - des archives pr\u00e9cieuses. L'objectif principal du projet n'est toutefois pas de regarder en arri\u00e8re, mais de mettre en place un syst\u00e8me avec une fonction d'alerte pr\u00e9coce. \"Avec des \u00e9chantillons provenant de 20 grandes stations d'\u00e9puration bien r\u00e9parties g\u00e9ographiquement sur le territoire suisse, nous pourrions surveiller les eaux us\u00e9es d'environ 2,5 millions de personnes\", explique Christoph Ort, ing\u00e9nieur en environnement. Si les \u00e9chantillons sont analys\u00e9s rapidement, une recrudescence des infections pendant la sortie du lockdown pourrait sans doute \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9e plus t\u00f4t que par des tests cliniques sur les personnes concern\u00e9es ; Ort esp\u00e8re environ une semaine plus t\u00f4t. Le chercheur de l'Eawag s'occupe depuis longtemps de l'\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie des eaux us\u00e9es. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, il s'est concentr\u00e9 sur la comparaison de la consommation de drogues \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, car \"les eaux us\u00e9es ne mentent pas et refl\u00e8tent en quelques heures ce que la population rejette\", explique Ort. Les contacts bien rod\u00e9s avec les cantons et les stations d'\u00e9puration ont maintenant profit\u00e9 aux chercheurs.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9thodologie complexe <\/strong><\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les premiers succ\u00e8s, la m\u00e9thodologie doit encore \u00eatre optimis\u00e9e. Ainsi, on ne sait pas encore clairement quelle proportion des virus est captur\u00e9e lors de l'extraction - la rupture de l'enveloppe entourant l'information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice (ARN). Cette \u00e9tape suit plusieurs \u00e9tapes de filtration et de centrifugation. Et m\u00eame apr\u00e8s, lors de l'amplification s\u00e9lective de la s\u00e9quence g\u00e9n\u00e9tique recherch\u00e9e, les facteurs d'incertitude sont actuellement encore trop importants. Ce n'est que lorsque ceux-ci pourront \u00e9galement \u00eatre d\u00e9limit\u00e9s que les conclusions sur les concentrations virales contenues dans les \u00e9chantillons originaux seront comparables.<\/p>\n

Communiqu\u00e9 de presse de l'Eawag<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Propagation par l'eau et les eaux us\u00e9es improbable <\/strong><\/p>\n

Alors que les chercheurs trouvent le nouveau coronavirus, ou du moins son patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, dans les eaux us\u00e9es, rien n'indique, en l'\u00e9tat actuel des connaissances, que l'agent pathog\u00e8ne se propage par l'eau ou les eaux us\u00e9es. L'eau potable suisse est d'une excellente qualit\u00e9 hygi\u00e9nique et convient \u00e9galement \u00e0 la consommation pendant une pand\u00e9mie. Plus d'informations sur<\/p>\n

\u2013Le virus Corona et l'approvisionnement en eau<\/a>; Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 suisse de l'industrie du gaz et des eaux (SSIGE)<\/p>\n

\u2013 Le traitement des eaux us\u00e9es et la pand\u00e9mie de coronavirus<\/a> (pdf) ; Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de l'environnement<\/p>\n

- Agence f\u00e9d\u00e9rale allemande de l'environnement ; \"L'eau potable et le coronavirus SARS-CoV-2\" (pdf)<\/p>\n

- L'eau potable est tr\u00e8s bien prot\u00e9g\u00e9e contre tous les virus, y compris le coronavirus ; Institut de recherche sur l'eau KWR<\/a> (Nieuwegein, Pays-Bas)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Aus Lugano, Lausanne und Z\u00fcrich wurden erste Abwasserproben analysiert, im Fall von Z\u00fcrich und Lugano auch je eine aus der Zeit Ende Februar mit den ersten bekannten F\u00e4llen von Infektionen in der Schweiz. In allen Proben ist es den Eawag-Forschern laut eigenen Angaben gelungen, das neue Coronavirus nachzuweisen. In den neueren Proben sind die […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":10057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3312],"tags":[833,631,632,834,835,836],"class_list":["post-10056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sicherheit","tag-abwasser","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-eawag","tag-forschungsprojekt","tag-fruehwarnsystem"],"acf":[],"hkrextid":null,"publication":null,"issue":null,"workflow":null,"startPage":null,"spitzmarke":null,"_posts_by_tag_page_fields":{"widget_title":"","widget_tags":""},"_at_widget":"1","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"5","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":"Eawag","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":null,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":null,"enclosure":null,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":null,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":null,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"_yoast_wpseo_canonical":null,"yoast_head":"\nUngef\u00e4hrlich, doch der Corona-Verlauf ist im Abwasser ersichtlich - Save<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Der Nachweis des neuen Coronavirus im Abwasser ist gem\u00e4ss Angaben des Wasserforschungsinstituts Eawag gelungen.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/fr\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ungef\u00e4hrlich, doch der Corona-Verlauf ist im Abwasser ersichtlich - Save\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Der Nachweis des neuen Coronavirus im Abwasser ist gem\u00e4ss Angaben des Wasserforschungsinstituts Eawag gelungen.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/fr\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Save\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-04-30T07:51:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-14T07:58:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/aufbereitung_proben-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"875\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Roger Str\u00e4ssle\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Roger Str\u00e4ssle\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Roger Str\u00e4ssle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/de\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d5022db048e0e2b9785c50e5b24da5aa\"},\"headline\":\"Ungef\u00e4hrlich, doch der Corona-Verlauf ist im Abwasser ersichtlich\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-30T07:51:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-14T07:58:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":623,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/de\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/aufbereitung_proben-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Abwasser\",\"Coronavirus\",\"Covid-19\",\"Eawag\",\"Forschungsprojekt\",\"Fr\u00fchwarnsystem\"],\"articleSection\":[\"SICHERHEIT\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.save.ch\\\/ungefaehrlich-aber-der-corona-verlauf-ist-im-abwasser-ersichtlich\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ungef\u00e4hrlich, doch der Corona-Verlauf ist im Abwasser ersichtlich - 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