{"id":24697,"date":"2025-11-04T14:53:36","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/?p=24697"},"modified":"2025-11-04T14:53:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T13:53:36","slug":"klimawandel-in-der-schweiz-besonders-ausgepraegt","status":null,"type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.save.ch\/fr\/klimawandel-in-der-schweiz-besonders-ausgepraegt\/","title":{"rendered":"Le changement climatique est particuli\u00e8rement marqu\u00e9 en Suisse"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Photo : Depositphotos\/rebaisilvano<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les nuits tropicales rendent le sommeil des citadins difficile, les mara\u00eech\u00e8res luttent contre des sols trop secs et les propri\u00e9taires de maisons se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 la menace d'inondations - un avenir qui, selon les r\u00e9sultats des nouveaux sc\u00e9narios climatiques suisses, est pr\u00e9visible si le changement climatique n'est pas frein\u00e9. Aujourd'hui d\u00e9j\u00e0, de nombreux effets sont mesurables et perceptibles. \u00abLes nouveaux sc\u00e9narios climatiques nous donnent une image plus concr\u00e8te des changements climatiques en Suisse pour les prochaines d\u00e9cennies. Ils nous aident \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les \u00e9volutions et \u00e0 planifier des mesures appropri\u00e9es - pour prot\u00e9ger notre environnement, nos villes et notre agriculture\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la conseill\u00e8re f\u00e9d\u00e9rale Elisabeth Baume-Schneider dans le cadre de la pr\u00e9sentation.<\/p>\n

Les quatre principaux changements des sc\u00e9narios climatiques<\/h3>\n

Les nouveaux sc\u00e9narios \u00e9labor\u00e9s par M\u00e9t\u00e9oSuisse sur mandat de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration s'inscrivent dans la continuit\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats des sc\u00e9narios climatiques de 2018. Ils confirment et \u00e9largissent l'image connue jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent du changement climatique en Suisse. Le r\u00e9chauffement observ\u00e9 jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent en Suisse (2024 : +2,9\u00b0C depuis l'\u00e8re pr\u00e9industrielle) est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que la moyenne mondiale (2024 : +1,3\u00b0C). En Suisse, certains aspects du changement climatique sont plus marqu\u00e9s que la moyenne mondiale, notamment en raison de la situation g\u00e9ographique. Ainsi, pour un r\u00e9chauffement global de 3 degr\u00e9s, la temp\u00e9rature augmente nettement plus en Suisse, \u00e0 savoir d'environ 4,9\u00b0C. La Suisse est le pays le plus expos\u00e9 au changement climatique.<\/p>\n

Un tel r\u00e9chauffement a d'innombrables cons\u00e9quences. Les sc\u00e9narios climatiques d\u00e9crivent quatre changements principaux qui marqueront le climat en Suisse dans un monde globalement plus chaud de 3 degr\u00e9s :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Chaleur plus extr\u00eame
    \n<\/b>Les \u00e9pisodes de chaleur touchent particuli\u00e8rement les r\u00e9gions de basse altitude et les zones urbaines. A l'avenir, ils pourraient \u00e9galement se produire de plus en plus souvent dans les r\u00e9gions des Alpes et des Pr\u00e9alpes. Le jour le plus chaud de l'ann\u00e9e sera en moyenne plus chaud d'environ 4,4\u00b0C (par rapport \u00e0 1991-2020). Les jours de canicule et les nuits tropicales seront \u00e9galement beaucoup plus fr\u00e9quents. Par exemple, on s'attend \u00e0 ce que la ville de Zurich connaisse en moyenne environ cinq fois plus de nuits tropicales par an.<\/p>\n

    <\/b><\/li>\n

  2. Des \u00e9t\u00e9s plus secs
    \n<\/b>En Suisse, les sols s'ass\u00e8chent de plus en plus en \u00e9t\u00e9. Cela est d\u00fb \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, \u00e0 une \u00e9vaporation plus importante et \u00e0 une diminution des pr\u00e9cipitations estivales. La s\u00e9cheresse estivale a d\u00e9j\u00e0 augment\u00e9 au cours des 40 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Une s\u00e9cheresse estivale typique, sera \u00e0 l'avenir plus intense de 44%. Les s\u00e9cheresses et le risque d'incendies de for\u00eat augmentent.<\/li>\n
  3. Pr\u00e9cipitations violentes et plus fr\u00e9quentes
    \n<\/b>Les fortes pr\u00e9cipitations augmenteront \u00e0 long terme \u00e0 toutes les saisons. Les augmentations les plus importantes sont attendues surtout pour les pr\u00e9cipitations orageuses violentes qui tombent en tr\u00e8s peu de temps. En \u00e9t\u00e9, des pr\u00e9cipitations plus intenses n'excluent pas une diminution simultan\u00e9e de la quantit\u00e9 totale de pr\u00e9cipitations : Il pleut certes moins souvent, mais lors d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements isol\u00e9s, de plus grandes quantit\u00e9s de pluie tombent en peu de temps.<\/li>\n
  4. Mont\u00e9e de l'isotherme z\u00e9ro degr\u00e9 et moins de neige
    \n<\/b>En hiver, les pr\u00e9cipitations augmentent l\u00e9g\u00e8rement, mais elles tombent plus souvent sous forme de pluie que de neige. L'isotherme z\u00e9ro degr\u00e9 moyenne en hiver augmentera de 550 m\u00e8tres pour atteindre environ 1450 m\u00e8tres. La couverture neigeuse naturelle continuera \u00e0 se r\u00e9duire \u00e0 l'avenir, surtout \u00e0 basse altitude, en raison du r\u00e9chauffement croissant et de la hausse de l'isotherme z\u00e9ro degr\u00e9 qui en r\u00e9sulte.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    L'adaptation au changement climatique prend de l'importance<\/h3>\n

    Les mesures de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions att\u00e9nuent les cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique. La Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration accompagne en outre la population suisse dans son adaptation aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements extr\u00eames gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des mesures d\u00e9cid\u00e9es sur la base des sc\u00e9narios climatiques. Il s'agit notamment de l'augmentation de la chaleur, des \u00e9t\u00e9s plus secs, des pr\u00e9cipitations plus intenses et de la diminution de la neige. Les sc\u00e9narios climatiques 2025 montrent, \u00e0 l'aide de niveaux de r\u00e9chauffement global, ce que signifient les objectifs climatiques globaux pour la Suisse. Dans l'accord de Paris, la Suisse s'est engag\u00e9e au sein de la communaut\u00e9 internationale \u00e0 limiter le r\u00e9chauffement global \u00e0 bien moins de 2\u00b0C - id\u00e9alement \u00e0 1,5\u00b0C - par rapport aux valeurs pr\u00e9industrielles. Pour limiter les cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique, il est indispensable de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale. Les sc\u00e9narios climatiques montrent l'impact des mesures de protection du climat sur le changement climatique - chaque dixi\u00e8me de degr\u00e9 \u00e9conomis\u00e9 peut r\u00e9duire les effets sur la nature, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et l'\u00e9conomie suisses. \u00abUne protection climatique ambitieuse et des \u00e9missions nettes nulles \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle mondiale d'ici 2050 permettraient d'\u00e9viter la majeure partie du futur r\u00e9chauffement \u00e0 long terme et, par cons\u00e9quent, de nombreux autres effets qui en d\u00e9couleraient\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Reto Knutti, chercheur en climatologie \u00e0 l'EPF de Zurich.<\/p>\n

    Tous les efforts d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s permettront, dans le meilleur des cas, de limiter le r\u00e9chauffement global de la plan\u00e8te, mais pas de l'inverser. Les sc\u00e9narios climatiques 2025 sont un service central et r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement mis \u00e0 jour et constituent la base de planification de la strat\u00e9gie du Conseil f\u00e9d\u00e9ral en mati\u00e8re d'adaptation aux changements climatiques. Chaque r\u00e9chauffement \u00e9vit\u00e9 apporte une contribution mesurable \u00e0 la protection du climat et r\u00e9duit les efforts d'adaptation. N\u00e9anmoins, l'adaptation au changement climatique devient de plus en plus importante.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Source : ETH Zurich<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tropenn\u00e4chte erschweren Menschen in den St\u00e4dten den Schlaf, Gem\u00fcseb\u00e4uerinnen k\u00e4mpfen mit zu trockenen B\u00f6den und Hausbesitzer stellen sich auf drohende \u00dcberschwemmungen ein \u2013 eine Zukunft, die gem\u00e4ss den Resultaten der neuen Schweizer Klimaszenarien bei ungebremstem Klimawandel absehbar ist. Bereits heute sind viele Auswirkungen messbar und sp\u00fcrbar. \u00abDie neuen Klimaszenarien verschaffen uns ein konkreteres Bild der […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":24698,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3314],"tags":[3582,6619,2001,794,1491,6620,6621],"class_list":["post-24697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-safety","tag-co2-emissionen","tag-erderwaermung","tag-eth","tag-klimawandel","tag-klimaziele","tag-nullgradgrenze","tag-tropennaechte"],"acf":[],"hkrextid":null,"publication":null,"issue":null,"workflow":null,"startPage":null,"spitzmarke":null,"_posts_by_tag_page_fields":null,"_at_widget":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"3314","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":null,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":null,"_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":null,"enclosure":null,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":null,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":null,"_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"_yoast_wpseo_canonical":null,"yoast_head":"\nKlimawandel in der Schweiz besonders ausgepr\u00e4gt - 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